Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, Molecular markers- Non PCR based: RFLP, PCR based: RAPD, AFLP, SSR or Microsatellites, DNA Fingerprinting Genome projects-Arabidopsis genome, Rice Genome.
Concept and history of transgenesis in plants, principles and techniques of gene cloning: direct DNA transfer to plant cells, Agrobacterium mediated transformation: Ti plasmid, process of T-DNA transfer and integration, vectors, promoter, terminator, marker and reporter genes, ethical and ecological issues of transgenesis, terminator technology (GURT)
Resistance to Biotic Stress: Insect Resistance, Virus resistance and Disease resistance; Resistance to Abiotic stresses; Herbicide resistance; Transgenics for Quality improvement: improved storage, longer life flowers, flower colour and shape and male sterility; commercial transgenic crops.
History and evolution of IPR, forms of IPR: patent, design and copyright; biotechnological Patent Facilitating Cell (BPFC), distinction among various forms of IPR, rights/ protection, infringement or violation remedies against infringement (civil and criminal), Indian Patent Act.
Links:
[1] https://biotech.iisuniv.ac.in/courses/subjects/paper-iv-advanced-plant-biotechnology-advance-paper-ii-0
[2] https://biotech.iisuniv.ac.in/academic-year/2015-2016