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Virology, Mycology and Phycology [1]

Paper Code: 
25MBL126
Credits: 
03
Contact Hours: 
45
Objective: 

This course introduces students to key concepts, and techniques in Virology, Mycology, and Phycology. Students will contrast virus architecture and classification, assess fungal and algal characteristics, and their applications, and apply research methodologies in these disciplines.

 

Course Outcomes: 

Course

 Learning outcome

 (at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

  
 

Course Code

Course Title

  

25MBL 126

Virology, Mycology and Phycology

 

(Theory)

CO31: Critically analyze viral classification systems, structural properties, and cultivation techniques for virus propagation and detection.

CO32: Evaluate the replication strategies of bacteriophages and their applications in bacterial geneticsand biotechnology.

CO33: Analyze the pathogenic mechanisms of plant viruses, their transmission strategies and prevention methods for maintaining sustainable crop health.

CO34: Analyze fungal diversity, classification, and reproductive strategies and assess their economic and biotechnological significance.

CO35:Analyze the classification, reproduction, and ecological significance of algae and lichens and assess their economic and biotechnological significance.

CO36: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures,Demonstrations

 

Learning activities for the students: Discussion, Tutorials, Assignments Reading journals.

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects

  

 

9.00
Unit I: 
General features and Cultivation of viruses

Nomenclature and classification- Baltimore and ICTV/ICNV; distinctive properties and ultra-structure of viruses; Virus related particles – viroid’s, prions. Cultivation in embryonated eggs, Experimental animals, cell cultures; primary, secondary, suspension and monolayer cell culture, Cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods-Haemagglutination& HAI, complement fixation; assay of viruses-physical and chemical methods; infectivity assay (plaque method, end point method).

 

7.00
Unit II: 
Viruses of Prokaryote

Bacteriophages: Structural organization, Replication of phages (Lytic and Lysogenic cycle), Stages of one step growth curve, Burst size, bacteriophage typing, Application of bacteriophage in bacterial genetics, Salient features of M13, Mu.T7,T4,Lambda  P1 and General account of Cyanophages.

 

7.00
Unit III: 
Viruses of Eukaryote

Effect of viruses on plants- internal and external symptoms; virus disease of Plants-Rice Tungro, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl and Sugarcane Mosaic; Transmission of plant virus with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without vectors (contact, seed and pollens), Prevention of crop loss due to virus infection- virus free planting material; vector control.

 

11.00
Unit IV: 
Mycology

Occurrence and distribution, thallus structure, characteristics, nutrition, Ainsworth and Sussman classification; saprophytic, parasitic, mutualistic and symbiotic relationship with plants and animals; reproduction in fungi: asexual, sexual and parasexual.Salient features of division- Myxomycota and Eumycota-Zygomycota, Ascomycota Basidiomycota, Mastigomycota, and Deuetromycota; Economic importance.

 

11.00
Unit V: 
Phycology

Occurrence and distribution, morphology, characteristics and reproduction in algae; Classification and salient features of classes- Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Pyrrophyceae and diatoms. Lichens- ascolichen, basidiolichen, deuterolichen; Economic importance.

 

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
  • Dimmock, N.J. and Primrose, S.B. Introduction to Modern Virology. VI. Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 2007.
  • Pelczar, M. J., Reid, R. D., & Chan, E. C. Microbiology (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 2001.
  • Willey, J. M., Sherwood, L., Woolverton, C. J., Prescott, L. M., & Willey, J. M. Prescott’s Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2011.
  • Matthai, W., Berg, C. Y., & Black, J. G. Microbiology, Principles and Explorations. Boston, MA: John Wiley & Sons. 2005.
  • Mehrotra, R.S. and Aneja, K.R. An Introduction to Mycology, New Age International Publishers. 2015.
  • Mathews, R.E. Functionals of plant virology. Academic press, San Diego. 2012.
  • Principles of Virology, Fourth Edition by J Flint & V Racaniello & G Rall & A M Skalka. ASM Press, 1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036-2904, USA 2008.
  • Alexopoulos, C.J. and C.W. Mims 1979. Introduction to Mycology (3rd Ed.) Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi
  • Charlile M. & Watkinson S.C. The Fungi, Publisher: Academic Press.
  • Linda E. Graham, James Graham, James M. Graham: Algae (2009)

 

 

 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Fields Virology Vol 1 and 2. B.N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley, R.M. Chanock, J.L. Melnick, T.P. Monath, B. Roizman, and S.E. Straus, eds.), 3rd Edition. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA.
  • Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis, and Control of Animal Viruses. S. J. Flint, V. R. Racaniello, L. W. Enquist, V. R. Rancaniello, A. M. Skalka. Latest edition / Pub. Date: December 2003 Publisher: American Society Microbiology--- Chapters 3-13.
  • Laboratory Animal Medicine: Principles and Procedures. Margi Sirois. Latest edition / Pub. Date: November 2004. Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Guides for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Research Council. Latest edition / Pub. Date: January 1996. Publisher: National Academy Press.
  • Virology: 1994. 3rd ed. FrankelConrat et al, Prentice Hall.
  • Introduction to Modern Virology. 2001. 5th ed. Dimmock et al., Blackwell Scientific Publ.
  • Plant viruses (III edition) Kenneth M. Smith.Universal Book Stall, New Delhi.2012
  • Plant Diseases of viral, viroid, Mycoplasma and uncertain etiology- Karl.Maramarosch. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta.
  • An Introduction to Mycology (IV edition) Alexopoulos CJ and Mims CW, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
  • E.Moore –Landeekeer: Fundamentals of the fungi, Publisher: Prentice Hall.
  • L. Barsanti, Paolo Gualtieri: Algae: anatomy, biochemistry, and biotechnology
  • AyhanDemirbas, M. FatihDemirbas: Algae Energy: Algae as a New Source ofBiodiesel (2010)

 

REFERENCES: 

e RESOURCES:

 

JOURNALS:

  • Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
  • Indian Journal of Microbiology
  • Fungal Biology
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
  • Journal of Phycology

 

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026 [7]

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[2] https://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103039
[3] https://onlinecourses.swayam2.ac.in/cec19_bt04/preview
[4] https://vtputkal/
[5] https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/fungi-characteristics
[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGqTz42RWyI
[7] https://biotech.iisuniv.ac.in/academic-year/2025-2026