Advanced Paper II Paper IV: Advanced Toxicology

Paper Code: 
25LSC144I
Credits: 
04
Contact Hours: 
60

Unit I

Principles of Toxicology

  • Introduction of toxicology
  • Different areas of toxicology
  • Toxicology and Society
  • General characteristics of the Toxic Response
  • Classification of Toxic Agents
  • Spectrum of Undesired Effects : Allergic and Idiosyncratic reactions, Immediate versus delayed toxicity. Reversible v/s Irreversible Toxic Effects. Local v/s systemic Toxicity. Interaction of chemicals
  • Characteristics of Exposure
  • Dose-Response Relationship
  • Variation in Toxic Responses
  • Descriptive Toxicity Tests
  • Toxicogenomics

 

12

Unit II

Toxic Effects of Metals (I)

  • Metal as Toxicants
  • Movement of Metals in the Environment
  • Mechanism of Metal Toxicity
  • Metal-binding Proteins and Metal Transporters
  • Pharmacology of Metals
  • Exposure, Toxicokinetics, Mechanism of Toxicity and Toxicity of Arsenic and Beryllium

12

Unit III

Toxic Effects of Metals (II)

  • Exposure, Toxicokinetics, Mechanism of Toxicity and Toxicity of Cd., Pd, Cu & Fe

12

Unit IV

Chelation in Metal Intoxication

  • Chelating agents, Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Therapy; Combination therapy, Limitations
  • Oxidative Stress in Metal Toxicity, Role of antioxidants
  • Therapeutic Recommendations for Heavy Metal Poisoning

Nanotoxicology :

  • Nanoparticles : Naturally Occurring and Anthropogenic nano-sized material
  • Physico-chemical characteristics as Determinants of Biological activity.  
  • Human Exposure to Nano-sized Materials
  • Concept of Noanotoxicology; Ecotoxicological studies, ROS Mechanisms of Nano-sized Pesticide Toxicity, Immunogenicity of nanopesticides.

 

12

Unit V

Immunotoxicity 

  • The Immune System; Antigen Recognition
  • Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity
  • Inflammation, Immune – Mediated Disease
  • Developmental Immunology
  • Methods to Assess Immunocompetence
  • Immune Modulation by Metals
  • Xenobiotic – Induced hypersensitivity and autoimmunity with reference to metals only.

12

 

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
  • Casarett, & Doull’s. (2008). Toxicology: The Basic Science Of Poisons (7th Ed.). New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Helferich, W., & Winter, C. K. (2001). Food Toxicology. Crc Press.
  • Hodgson, E. (2010). A Textbook Of Modern Toxicology. A John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Pandey, K., Shukla, J. P., & Trivedi, S. P. (2011). Fundamentals Of Toxicology. New Central Book Agency.
  • Sharma, P. (2005). Environmental Biology And Toxicology. Meerut: Rastogi Publication.
  • Shaw, I., & Chadwick, J. ( 1998). Prinicples Of Environmental Toxicology. Taylor & Francis Ltd.
  • Wright, D. A., & Welbourn, P. (2002). Environmental Toxicology. New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2025-2026
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