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Biochemistry and Enzymology
This course will enable the students to -
1. understand the chemistry of biomolecules
2. understand the bioenergetic principles underlying biochemical reactions.
3. understand the structure, mechanism of action and inhibition of enzymes.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course |
Learning outcome (at course level) |
Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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BTE/MBL 122 |
Biochemistry and Enzymology
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Upon completion of the course students will be able to: CO 4: Understand the bioenergetic principles of biochemistry CO 5: Differentiate between various types of biomolecules CO 6: Identify the level of protein and carbohydrate hierarchy CO 7:Understand Enzyme kinetics and and application to enzyme engineering. |
Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments Learning activities for the students: Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks. |
Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation. |
pH, pK, acids, bases, buffers, chemical bonds, Bioenergetics: Principles of thermodynamics: free energy, important energy, rich molecules, standard free energy change, concept of redox reactions.
• Principles of self assembly, Hierarchy of molecular organization of living systems.
Classification, Chemical Reactions and Physical Properties, purification and criteria for homogeneity, structural organization of proteins- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
• Conformational analysis. Ramachandran plot.
Classification and reactions, types, structural features. Metabolism of carbohydrates, main sources of carbohydrates, enzymatic conversion and mobilization as glucoses or fructoses, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, terminal oxidation/ oxidative phosphorylation, mechanism of ATP synthesis, rate controlling steps and regulation
Classification, Structure and functions. Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channeling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation, (alpha and omega oxidation), Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid; biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins; biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane).
Kinetics: Rate of reactions, specific activity, molecular activity, Km, Kcat, Michaelis- Menten and Line weaver Burk plot, enzyme inhibition, mechanism of enzyme catalysis (acid-base electrostatic, metal ion, free radicals, transition state binding and covalent catalysis, proximity and orientation effects, contribution of strain. • Factors affecting enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition. Allosteric enzymes and bisubstrate reactions. Rationale for modification of enzyme function, Enzyme Engineering: modification of structure and catalytic properties of enzymes
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
• Biochemistry, D.Voet and J.G.Voet, John Wiley & Sons, (2nd Edition), 1995.
• Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger ,Nelson and Cox, (3rd Edition), 1999.
• Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edited by Keith Wilson and John Walker, Cambridge University Press, (6th Edition), 2007.
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by W.H. Elliot and Daphne C. Elliot, Oxford University Press, (3rd Edition), 2005.
• Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Panima Publishing Corporation, 1st Indian Reprint, 2004. • Physical Biochemistry, D Friefelder, W.H. Freeman & Company, 17th Reprint, 1999.
• Understanding Chemistry, CNR Rao, University Press, Hyderabad 1999.
• A Biologist's Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, K.Wilson& KH Goulding, ELBS Edition 1986.
• Essentials of Molecular Biology, David Friefelder, Jones and Barllett Publications, 7th Reprint, 2001.
• Instant Notes- Biochemistry (1st Indian Edition), B.D. Hames and N.M. Hooper, Viva Books Pvt, Ltd., 2001.
