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BIOCHEMISTRY & ENZYMOLOGY
This course will enable the students to -
- understand the chemistry of biomolecules
- understand the bioenergetic principles underlying biochemical reactions.
- understand the structure, mechanism of action and inhibition of enzymes.
Course Outcomes (COs):
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Course |
Learning outcome (at course level) |
Learning and teaching strategies |
Assessment Strategies |
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Paper Code |
Paper Title |
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BTE/MBL 122 |
Biochemistry and Enzymology
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Upon completion of the course students will be able to: CO 4: Understand the bioenergetic principles of biochemistry CO 5: Differentiate between various types of biomolecules CO 6: Identify the level of protein and carbohydrate hierarchy CO 7:Understand Enzyme kinetics and and application to enzyme engineering. |
Approach in teaching: Interactive Lectures, Discussion, Tutorials, Reading assignments Learning activities for the students: Self-learning assignments, Effective questions, Seminar presentation, Giving tasks. |
Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation. |
pH, pK, acids, bases, buffers, chemical bonds, Bioenergetics: Principles of thermodynamics: free energy, important energy, rich molecules, standard free energy change, concept of redox reactions. Principles of self assembly, Hierarchy of molecular organization of living systems.
Classification, Chemical Reactions and Physical Properties, purification and criteria for homogeneity, structural organization of proteins- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Conformational analysis. Ramachandran plot.
Classification and reactions, types, structural features. Metabolism of carbohydrates, main sources of carbohydrates, enzymatic conversion and mobilization as glucoses or fructoses, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, terminal oxidation/ oxidative phosphorylation, mechanism of ATP synthesis, rate controlling steps and regulation.
Classification, Structure and functions. Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channeling of the products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation, (alpha and omega oxidation), Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies, membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid; biosynthesis of fat soluble vitamins; biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane).
Kinetics: Rate of reactions, specific activity, molecular activity, Km, Kcat, Michaelis- Menten and Line weaver Burk plot, enzyme inhibition, mechanism of enzyme catalysis (acid-base electrostatic, metal ion, free radicals, transition state binding and covalent catalysis, proximity and orientation effects, contribution of strain. Factors affecting enzyme activity, enzyme inhibition. Allosteric enzymes and bisubstrate reactions. Rationale for modification of enzyme function, Enzyme Engineering: modification of structure and catalytic properties of enzymes
- Biochemistry, D.Voet and J.G.Voet, John Wiley & Sons, (2nd Edition), 1995.
- Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger ,Nelson and Cox, (3rd Edition), 1999.
- Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edited by Keith Wilson and John Walker, Cambridge University Press, (6th Edition), 2007.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by W.H. Elliot and Daphne C. Elliot, Oxford University Press, (3rd Edition), 2005.
- Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Panima Publishing Corporation, 1st Indian Reprint, 2004.
- Physical Biochemistry, D Friefelder, W.H. Freeman & Company, 17th Reprint, 1999.
- Understanding Chemistry, CNR Rao, University Press, Hyderabad 1999.
- A Biologist's Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, K.Wilson & KH Goulding, ELBS Edition 1986.
- Essentials of Molecular Biology, David Friefelder, Jones and Barllett Publications, 7th Reprint, 2001.
- Instant Notes- Biochemistry (1st Indian Edition), B.D. Hames and N.M. Hooper, Viva Books Pvt, Ltd., 2001.
