MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Paper Code: 
24MBL225
Credits: 
02
Contact Hours: 
30
Objective: 

Course Objectives: The course will develop a thorough understanding of different aspects of host-microbe interactions with respect to normal flora and pathogens. They will also be able to assess the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and therapeutic approaches of diseases caused by various microbes.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

 Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course Title

24MBL225

 

Medical Microbiology

(Theory)

 

CO73: Assess the different aspects of host-microbe interactions with respect to normal flora and pathogens and identify the biosafety levels and make use of biosafety guidelines while working.

CO74: Evaluate the pathogenesis and epidemiology of diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria, diagnose them on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory-based methods and recommend the preventive strategies.

CO75: Evaluate the pathogenesis and epidemiology of diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and protozoa, diagnose them on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory-based methods and recommend the preventive strategies.

CO76: Relate the structure of animal viruses to their life cycle and pathogenesis, assess the epidemiology of viral diseases, diagnose them on the basis of clinical presentation and laboratory-based methods and recommend the preventive strategies.

CO77: Evaluate the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs, resistance mechanisms, methods for drug susceptibility testing, toxicological evaluation, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and clinical trials of drugs.

CO78: Contribute effectively in course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching:  Interactive Lectures,

Demonstrations, power point presentation.

 

Learning activities for the students:  Discussion,

Tutorials,

Assignments

Reading Journals

 

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation

 

6.00
Unit I: 
Normal micro flora, pathogenesis and Biosafety Levels

Normal microbial flora of human body and its role, Opportunistic flora.Pathogenesis, pathogenicity and virulence; Quantitative measures of virulence: minimal lethal dose (MLD), LD50, ID50, TCID50. Entry of pathogens into the host; colonization and mechanism of bacterial adhesion, establishment, virulence factors, exotoxins, endotoxins, their structure and mode of action.Biosafety levels and Guidelines

 

 

6.00
Unit II: 
Pathogenic bacteria-I

Etiology, Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, Lab diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases caused by:Pyogenic cocci- Staphylococci, Streptococci, Neisseria meningitides, N. gonococcus Gram positive cocci- Clostridium tetani Mycobacteria- M. tuberculosis, M. leprae

 

6.00
Unit III: 
Pathogenic bacteria II, Fungi and Protozoan

Etiology, Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, Lab diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases caused by

Enteric Gram negative bacteria- Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholera, E. coli

Spirochaetes- Treponema palladium

Chlamydiae- Trachoma, Rickettesial diseases, Diseases caused by Mycoplasma,

Pathogenic fungi- Candida albicans

Protozoan diseases – Malaria, Amoebiasis

 

 

6.00
Unit IV: 
Viral diseases

Animal viruses Epidemiology, life cycle, pathogenicity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA viruses- Picorna viruses - Poliomyelitis, Orthomyxoviruses- influenza, Paramyxoviruses- Mumps, Measles, retroviruses-HIV; DNA viruses; Pox virus- Variola and Vaccina, Herpes virus- Varicella Zoster virus, Hepatitis viruses, Arthropod borne (arbo) Viral disease- Dengu, SARS CoV-2

 

6.00
Unit V: 
Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial agents

Antibiotics: Mode of action and resistance mechanisms of β-lactams, glycopeptides, bacitracin, Polymyxins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol, quinolones, Sulfa drugs and trimethoprim, Antifungal and antiviral drugs. Methods of drug susceptibility testing. Toxicological evaluation of drug (LD50, Acute, subacute and chronic toxicity), Mutagenicity (Ames test, micronucleus test) and Carcinogenicity. Phase I -IV of clinical trials of drugs.

 

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 

ESSENTIAL READINGS:

  • Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach.  Wilson, Brenda A.; Salyers, Abigail A.; Whitt, Dixie D; Winkler, Malcolm E. 3 ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2011.
  • Brock biology of microorganisms. Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M., & Stahl, D. A.16th ed Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, 2021
  • Instant Notes Medical Microbiology, Irving W, Boswell T, Ala Aldeen D, Taylor and Francis group, 2005
  • Medical virology- Morag C and Timbury M.C. X Edition. Churchill Livingstone, London. 1994
  • Text book of Microbiology, R Ananthnarayanan and C K J Paniker, 10th ed. Orient Longman Private Ltd, India, 2017

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • Microbiology A Human Perspective, Nester E.W., Roberts CE, Nester MT, Wm. C. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing, 2009
  • Medical Microbiology-Jawetz E., Melnik J.L., Adelberg E. A., 26th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2013
  • Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, Patricia M Tille 15th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier, 2022
  • Medical Microbiology and Immunology: Examination and Board Review (7th edition), Warren Levinson and Ernst Jawetz, Mc Graw Hill, 2002
  • Mackie and McCartney practical medical microbiology. Mackie, T. J., Collee, J. G., & McCartney, J. E. 14th ed., New Delhi (India): Elsevier 2007

e RESOURCES:

JOURNALS:

  • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
  • Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
  • Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
  • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
  • Frontiers in Microbiology

 

 

 

 

Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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