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MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Theory)
The course will provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of host-microbe interactions with regard to normal flora and pathogens, as well as an assessment of the factors that contribute to epidemic emergence and prevention. Additionally, they will be able to evaluate the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and therapeutic modalities of illnesses brought on by different microorganisms and their prevention by vaccinations.
Normal microbial population of healthy human body - Skin, mouth, upper respiratory tract, intestinal tract, urino-genital tract. Mechanism of bacterial pathogenicity, Entry of pathogens into the host, colonization and growth, Virulence, Virulence factors – exotoxins, enterotoxins, endotoxins, Bio-safety levels.
Principles of epidemiology, reservoirs of pathogens, acquisition and transmission of infectious agents, Nosocomial infections, emerging and reemerging diseases, Measures for prevention of epidemics. Immunization program in India.
General idea of infections: symptoms, treatment and preventive measure of diseases caused by Gram positive bacteria: Mycobacterium (Tuberculosis), Corynebacterium (Diphtheria) and Gram-negative bacteria: Salmonella (Typhoid), Shigella (Dysentery), Neisseria (Gonorrhea).Pathogenic fungi- Candida albicans, Protozoan disease– Malaria.
Animal viruses life cycle, pathogenicity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA viruses- Picorna virus- Poliomyelitis; Orthomyxoviruses-influenza viruses.Paramyxoviruses- Mumps, Measles; retroviruses- HIV, Rabies virus. DNA viruses- Herpes virus- Varicella zoster virus; Hepatitis viruses-HBV.
Characters of an ideal chemotherapeutic agent, Classification of Antibiotics based on their structure, Mechanism of action of antibiotics (inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, metabolic antagonists). Development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
- Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology, Geo. Brooks, Karen C. Carroll, Janet Butel, Stephen Morse, 24th Edition. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2007
- Brock biology of microorganisms. Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M., & Stahl, D. A.16th ed Hoboken, NJ : Pearson Education, 2021
- Instant Notes Medical Microbiology, Irving W, Boswell T, Ala Aldeen D, Taylor and Francis group, 2005
- Text book of Microbiology, R Ananthnarayanan and C K J Paniker, 10th ed. Orient Longman Private Ltd, India, 2017
SUGGESTED READINGS:
- Microbiology A Human Perspective, Nester E.W., Roberts CE, Nester MT, Wm. C. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing, 2009
- Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach. Wilson, Brenda A.; Salyers, Abigail A.; Whitt, Dixie D; Winkler, Malcolm E. 3 ed. Washington, DC : ASM Press, 2011.
- Mackie and McCartney practical medical microbiology. Mackie, T. J., Collee, J. G., & McCartney, J. E. 14th ed., New Delhi (India): Elsevier 2007
- Fenner and White's Medical Virology Christopher J. Burrell, Colin R. Howard, Frederick A. Murphy, 5th edition, Academic Press; 5th edition, 2016
e RESOURCES:
- https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/dmlt/Microbiology/Lesson-07.pdf
- https://www.scq.ubc.ca/microbes-and-you-normal-flora/
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348394081_Normal_flora_of_human_body
- Kırmusaoğlu, S., Gareayaghi, N., Kocazeybek, B. S. , 2019, 'Introductory Chapter: The Action Mechanisms of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance', in S. Kırmusaoğlu (ed.), Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods, IntechOpen, London. 10.5772/intechopen.85211.
- Kapoor, G., Saigal, S., & Elongavan, A. (2017). Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians. Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology, 33(3), 300–305. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15
- Payne S. (2017). Introduction to Animal Viruses. Viruses, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803109-4.00001-5
JOURNALS:
- Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
- Frontiers in Microbiology
