MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY

Paper Code: 
24MBL123
Credits: 
03
Contact Hours: 
45
Objective: 

Course Objectives: The course will help in developing thorough understanding of microbial diversity in terms of physiology, nutrition, metabolic processes, signaling mechanisms, and microbial stress responses.

 

Course Outcomes (COs):

Course

Learning outcome

(at course level)

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

Course Code

Course

title

24MBL123

Microbial Physiology and Diversity

(Theory)

CO13:  Assess the metabolization of sugars and plant feed in bacteria and rumen respectively and apply the knowledge of bacterial fermentations to product formation.

CO14: Asses the role of different pathways/cycles involved in Photosynthesis in contributing to energy flow in different microbial systems.

CO15: Evaluate the role of oxidative and reductive transformation of inorganic chemicals in prokaryotes and relate them to nutrient cycling and energy flow within ecosystems.

CO16: Analyse the process of nitrogen metabolism and synthesis/breakdown of purines and pyrimidines.

CO17: Evaluate the role of quorum sensing in microbial metabolic and physiological processes and apply the knowledge of different components involved in stress regulation to environmental adaptive responses in prokaryotes

CO18: Contribute effectively in

course-specific interaction

Approach in teaching:  Interactive lectures,

Demonstration

 

Learning activities for the students:

Group discussions and workshops, Seminars,

Tutorials,

Assignments

Reading Journals

 

 

 Class test, Semester end

  examinations,                       Quiz        

Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation, Individual and group projects
 

 

8.00
Unit I: 
Utilization of sugars and Bacterial fermentations

Utilization of lactose, galactose, maltose. Alcoholic fermentation, lactate fermentation homo and heterolactic fermentations, butyrate and butanol acetone fermentation, mixed acid fermentations. Rumen as an anaerobic system.

 

9.00
Unit II: 
Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes and anoxygenic photosynthetic microbes. Brief account of photosynthetic and accessory pigments- chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophylls, rhodopsin, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins; oxygenic-anoxygenic photosynthesis, autotrophic generation of ATP. Carbohydrates - anabolism; fixation of CO2 - Calvin cycle

 

9.00
Unit III: 
Chemolithotrophy

Oxidative transformation of metals: sulphur oxidation, iron oxidation, ammonia oxidation and hydrogen oxidation. Microbial diversity in anoxic ecosystem - methanogens - reduction of carbon monoxide - reduction of iron, sulphur, manganese, nitrate and oxygen.

 

9.00
Unit IV: 
Nitrogen metabolism, Purines and Pyrimidines

Biological nitrogen fixation process, components of nitrogenase enzyme, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Denitrification, biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids.

 

10.00
Unit V: 
Signaling mechanisms and Microbial stress response

Prokaryotic signaling: Two component regulatory systems, classical and hybrid types (structure, function and examples). Quorum sensing and its role in microbial physiology and pathogenesis, Bioluminescence. Microbial stress responses: heat stress, cold stress oxidative stress, and starvation stress.

 

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 

ESSENTIAL READINGS:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Papachristodoulou, Despo, Alison Snape, William H. Elliott, and Daphne C. Elliott., 6th Edition Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Biochemistry, 9th edition Lubert Stryer; Jeremy Berg; John Tymoczko; Gregory Gatto, W H Freeman and Co., New York, 2019
  • Biochemistry, D. Voet and J.G. Voet, John Wiley & Sons, (5th Edition), 2016.
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, WH Freeman (8th Edition), 2021.
  • Brock biology of microorganisms. Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M., & Stahl, D. A.16th ed Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, 2021
  • Microbiology-a Laboratory Manual, 10th edition, J G Cappuccino and N Sherman, Addison Wesley, Pearson Education, Inc., 2014

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • An Introduction to Nitrogen fixation, J R Gallon and A E Chaplin, Cassell Education Ltd, 1987
  • Microbial diversity: current perspectives and potential applications, Satynarayana T. &Johri B.N. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. 2013
  • Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, Gupta R, Springer, 2021
  • Instant Notes- Biochemistry (1st Indian Edition), B.D. Hames and N.M. Hooper, Viva Books Pvt, Ltd., 2001.
  • Microbial Physiology, 4th edition, A G Moat and J W Foster, M. P. Spector, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2009
  • Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, Murray R K 27th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2006
  • Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, B. H. Kim and G. M. Gadd, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2008

  e RESOURCES:

  • Davide Roncarati and Vincenzo Scarlato 2017 Regulation of heat-shock genes in bacteria: from signal sensing to gene expression output, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, fux015, 41, 549–574
  • Wolfgang Schumann 2016, Regulation of bacterial heat shock stimulons. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 21:959–968.
  • Microbial Stress Responses in Microbial Physiology. Albert G. Moat, John W. Foster and Michael P. Spector 2002 Pg 582-611, Wiley-Liss, Inc.
  • Fasnacht M and Polacek N (2021) Oxidative Stress in Bacteria and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Front. Mol. Biosci. 8:671037. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671037
  • Chattopadhyay M K 2006 Mechanism of bacterial adaptation to low temperature; J. Biosci. 31 157–165
  • Shivaji, S., Jogadhenu S. S. Prakash How do bacteria sense and respond to low temperature? Arch Microbiol (2010) 192:85–95; DOI 10.1007/s00203-009-0539-y

JOURNALS:

  • Journal of Bacteriology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Cell Stress and Chaperones
  • Frontiers in cellular and Infection Microbiology
  • Frontiers in Microbiology
  • FEMS Microbiology Reviews
  • Metabolites
  • Archives of Microbiology

 

Academic Year: 
2024-2025
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