MICROBIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY AND DIVERSITY

Paper Code: 
MBL 123
Credits: 
05
Contact Hours: 
75
Objective: 

Course Outcomes (COs):

               Course Outcomes

Learning and teaching strategies

Assessment Strategies

  
 

On completion of this course, the learner will:

CO 12: Identify and understand the diversity and metabolic profiles of a microbial community so as to predict about the ecosystem functioning and how it might be disrupted by pollution or other perturbations.

CO 13: Apply the knowledge of bacterial fermentations to the commercial product formation.

CO 14: Differentiate, compare and contrast different types of microbial photosynthetic processes.

CO 15: Analyse the different types of nitrogen metabolic pathways.

CO 16: Evaluate the role of quorum sensing in microbial metabolic and physiological processes.

CO 17: Apply the knowledge of different components involved in stress regulation to environmental adaptive responses in prokaryotes

Interactive Lectures,

Discussion,

Tutorials,

Demonstrations,

Assignments

Reading Journals

Class test, Semester end examinations, Quiz, Solving problems in tutorials, Assignments, Presentation

  

 

13.00
Unit I: 
Utilization of sugars and Bacterial fermentations
  • Utilization of lactose, galactose, maltose.
  • Alcoholic fermentation, lactate fermentation homo and heterolactic fermentations, butyrate and butanol acetone fermentation, mixed acid fermentations.
  • Rumen as an anaerobic system.
14.00
Unit II: 
Photosynthesis
  • Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes and anoxygenic photosynthetic microbes.
  • Brief account of photosynthetic and accessory pigments- chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophylls, rhodopsin, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins;
  • oxygenic-anoxygenic photosynthesis, autotrophic generation of ATP
  • Carbohydrates - anabolism; fixation of CO2 - Calvin cycle
15.00
Unit III: 
Chemolithotrophy
  • Oxidative transformation of metals: sulphur oxidation, iron oxidation, ammonia oxidation and hydrogen oxidation.
  • Microbial diversity in anoxic ecosystem - methanogens - reduction of carbon monoxide - reduction of iron, sulphur, manganese, nitrate and oxygen.
13.00
Unit IV: 
Nitrogen metabolism, Purines and Pyrimidines
  • Biological nitrogen fixation process, components of nitrogenase enzyme, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Denitrification, biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids.
  • Biosynthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines, salvage pathway.
20.00
Unit V: 
Signaling mechanisms and Microbial stress response
  • Prokaryotic signaling: Two component regulatory systems, classical and hybrid types (structure, function and examples)
  • Quorum sensing and its role in microbial physiology and pathogenesis, Bioluminescence.
  • Microbial stress responses: heat stress, cold stress oxidative stress, and starvation stress.
ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Papachristodoulou, Despo, Alison Snape, William H. Elliott, and Daphne C. Elliott., 6th Edition Oxford University Press, 2018.
  • Biochemistry, 9th edition Lubert Stryer; Jeremy Berg; John Tymoczko; Gregory Gatto, W H Freeman and Co., New York, 2019
  • Biochemistry, D. Voet and J.G. Voet, John Wiley & Sons, (5th Edition), 2016.
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger, Nelson and Cox, WH Freeman (8th Edition), 2021.
  • Brock biology of microorganisms. Madigan, M. T., Bender, K. S., Buckley, D. H., Sattley, W. M., & Stahl, D. A.16th ed Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, 2021
  • Microbiology-a Laboratory Manual, 10th edition, J G Cappuccino and N Sherman, Addison Wesley, Pearson Education, Inc., 2014
REFERENCES: 

SUGGESTED READINGS:

  • An Introduction to Nitrogen fixation, J R Gallon and A E Chaplin, Cassell Education Ltd, 1987
  • Microbial diversity: current perspectives and potential applications, Satynarayana T. &Johri B.N. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. 2013
  • Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, Gupta R, Springer, 2021
  • Instant Notes- Biochemistry (1st Indian Edition), B.D. Hames and N.M. Hooper, Viva Books Pvt, Ltd., 2001.
  • Microbial Physiology, 4th edition, A G Moat and J W Foster, M. P. Spector, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2009
  • Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, Murray R K 27th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2006
  • Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, B. H. Kim and G. M. Gadd, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2008

 

e RESOURCES:

  • Davide Roncarati and Vincenzo Scarlato 2017 Regulation of heat-shock genes in bacteria: from signal sensing to gene expression output, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, fux015, 41, 549–574
  • Wolfgang Schumann 2016, Regulation of bacterial heat shock stimulons. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 21:959–968.
  • Microbial Stress Responses in Microbial Physiology. Albert G. Moat, John W. Foster and Michael P. Spector 2002 Pg 582-611, Wiley-Liss, Inc.
  • Fasnacht M and Polacek N (2021) Oxidative Stress in Bacteria and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Front. Mol. Biosci. 8:671037. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671037
  • Chattopadhyay M K 2006 Mechanism of bacterial adaptation to low temperature; J. Biosci. 31 157–165
  • Shivaji, S.,  Jogadhenu S. S. Prakash How do bacteria sense and respond to low temperature? Arch Microbiol (2010) 192:85–95; DOI 10.1007/s00203-009-0539-y

 

JOURNALS:

  • Journal of Bacteriology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Cell Stress and Chaperones
  • Frontiers in cellular and Infection Microbiology
  • Frontiers in Microbiology
  • FEMS Microbiology Reviews
  • Metabolites
  • Archives of Microbiology

 

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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