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Paper IV: Cancer Biology (Advance Paper II)
Cell cycle and cancer, the nature and types of cancer. Cellular oncogenes and Tumor suppressor genes: DNA viruses, retroviruses, proto oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, pRb and control of the cell cycle clock, p53 and apoptosis. Tumor immunology: immune mediated disease (hypersensitivity and autoimmunity)
Mechanism of toxicity: toxicity of O2, xenobiotics, mutagens and carcinogens. Multistage carcinogenesis: chemical carcinogens-genotoxic, nongenotoxic and inorganic carcinogens
Biotransformation of xenobiotics through liver detoxification (Phase I and II). Mechanism of repair (molecular and cellular), toxicity resulting from inappropriate repair
Treatment available: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy, gene therapy
Screening of cancer and the biases of screening, screening of specific cancers
Chemoprevention: Chemopreventive agents from natural products, preclinical animal model selection, phytopharmaceuticals in cancer chemoprevention
Assays for detecting genetic alterations: DNA damage and repair assays, genetic alteration in mammals, mammalian cytogenetic assays, germ cell mutagenesis
New approaches to genetic toxicology
- Casarett & Doull’s (7th ed ) Toxicology: The basic Science of Poisons, Curtis D. Klassen
- Haskell: Caner Treatment (4th Ed), W.B Saunders Company, Mc. Graw Hill.
- Pecckham, Pinedo and Veronesi: Oxford Textbook of Oncology,Vol:1 and 2.
- Chemoprevention of Cancer and DNA Damage by Dietary Factors: Edited by Siegfried Knasmüller, David M. DeMarini, Ian Johnson, and Clarissa Gerhäuser. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
