VIROLOGY

Paper Code: 
BTE 422
Credits: 
05
Contact Hours: 
75
Objective: 

to enable students to-

  • study general properties of viruses
  • learn the techniques for cultivation of viruses
  • study bacteriophages
  • know about the animal and plant viruses.
10.00
Unit I: 
General Virology

Brief outline on discovery of viruses, nomenclature and classification of viruses: distinctive properties of viruses; morphology & ultra structure; capsids & their arrangements; types of envelops and their composition-viral genome, their types and structures; virus related agents (viroids, prions)

15.00
Unit II: 
Cultivation and Assay of viruses

Cultivation in embryonated eggs, Experimental animals, cell cultures; primary, secondary, suspension and monolayer cell culture, Cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods-Haemagglutination & HAI, complement fixation; immunofluorescence methods, ELISA and Radioimmunoassay; assay of viruses-physical and chemical methods (protein, nucleic acid, radioactivity tracers, electron microscopy)-infectivity assay (plaque method  end point method)- Infectivity assay of plant viruses.

15.00
Unit III: 
Viruses of Prokaryotes

Bacteriophages: Structural organization, Replication of phages (Lytic and Lysogeny cycle), Stages of one step growth curve, Burst size, bacteriophage typing, Application of bacteriophage in bacterial genetics, Salient features of M13, Mu.T7,T4,Lambda  P1 and General account of Cyanophages

18.00
Unit IV: 
Plant viruses

Effect of viruses on plants, Appearance of plants; histology, physiology and cytology of plants; virus disease of plants ;paddy (Rice Tungro, Rice Hozablanca) tomato(Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl, Tomato Mottle) and sugarcane (Sugarcane Mosaic); algae, fungi, Transmission of plant virus with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without vectors (contact, seed and pollens), Prevention of crop loss due to virus infection- virus free planting material; vector control.

Unit V: 
Animal viruses

Animal viruses Epidemiology, life cycle, pathogen city, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA viruses- Picorna virus family- Poliomyelitis, Orthomyxoviruses- influenza, Paramyxoviruses- Mumps, Measles, HIV; DNA viruses; Pox virus- Variola and Vaccina, Herpes virus- Varicella Zoster virus, Hepatitis viruses, Arthropod borne (arbo) Viral disease- Dengu.

Viral vaccines (conventional vaccines, recombinant vaccines, vaccines used in national immunization programmes with example, newer generation vaccines including DNA vaccines with examples) interferon , and antiviral drugs.

ESSENTIAL READINGS: 
  1. Medical virology- Morag C and Timbury M.C. X Edition. Churchill Livingstone,London. 1994
  2. Introduction to Modern Virology, IV.  Dimmock Nj,Primrose SB Edition,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford. 1994
  3. Virology-3rd Edition, Conrat HF,Kimball PC and Levy JA. Prentice Hall,Englewood cliff, New jersey1994.
  4. Functionals of plant virology-  Mathews,RE.Academic press,San Diego.1992
  5. Text Book on principles of Bacteriology,virology and Immunology-  Topley and Wilson. Edward Arnold,London. 1995
  6. Diagnostic procedures for viral and Rickettsial diseases.american public Health association, NY. Lennetter1984
  7. The genetics of Bacteria and their viruses- William Hayes. Blackwell Scientific Publishers,London. 1985
  8. Principles of microbiology- Ronald M.Atlas. Mosby Year Book, Inc. Missouri 63146. 1985
  9. Textbook of Microbiology- R. Ananthnarayan and CCJ Paniker. (6th Edition). Orient Longman Pvt Ltd. 2003
REFERENCES: 
  1. Plant viruses- Kenneth M.Smith.Universal Book Stall,New Delhi.1999
  2. Bacteriophages- Mark H.Adams. Inter science publishers, Inc. New York.
  3. Applied Virology- D.G.A Walkey. International Books & Periodicals supply service.New Delhi. 1985
  4. Plant Diseases of viral, viroid, Mycoplasma and uncertain etiology- Karl.Maramarosch. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta.
  5. General Microbiology Vol.II-  Powar & Daginawala. Himalaya Publishing House. 2002
  6. Plant Pathology- Agrios, G. N. Academic Press. 1997
Academic Year: 
2014-2015
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