Milestones & Importance of Genetic Engineering, vehicles for gene cloning: Plasmids, Bacteriophages, Cosmids, phagemids, YAC, BAC.
Introduction of foreign DNA into plant and animal cells.
Enzymes used in G.E: DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide kinase, ligase, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, Reverse transcriptase, Restriction endonucleases, Nick translation system.
Techniques: PCR, Colony and Plaque hybridization, Northern, southern, Western hybridization, Dot and slot Blot technique, DNA sequencing: Maxam Gilbert method, Sanger’s method, automated DNA sequencing
Production of protein from cloned genes, recombinant insulin, growth hormones, human proteins, recombinant vaccines, genetic counseling.
In Agriculture: Insect resistance, Virus resistance, modification of seed protein quality, suppression of endogenous genes, male sterility, biochemical production, plant derived vaccines, In Forensic science: identification of crime suspects, kinship analysis