Paper IV - Soil Science and Sustainable Agriculture (Advanced Paper II)

Paper Code: 
LSC 144L
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60
12.00
Unit I: 
Basics of Soil Science

·         Soil formation: weathering and pedogenesis

·         Soil and subsurface environment

·         Soil profile and its layers

·         Soil properties-physical (density, porosity, texture, soil structure),  chemical (inorganic and organic)

·         Soil types in India

Collection and preparation of soil samples for analysis: sampling procedure, preparation of sample for analysis-drying, seiving, grinding, mixing, storing

12.00
Unit II: 
Soil Biology and Biochemistry

·         Soil biota, types of organisms in soil

·         Microbial diversity in soil- Microorganisms in surface soils, in shallow subsurface environments, in deep subsurface environments

·         Interactions among soil microorganisms-neutral, positive and negative associations

Humus formation

12.00
Unit III: 
Soil Contamination and Degradation

·         Soil contamination due to metals, chemical fertilizers,  pesticide and their effects

·         Soil pollution-caused by industrial effluents (paper, textile, tannery, metal, pharma)

·         Soil degradation-causes, types (chemical and physical), measures to check soil degradation, remediation of degraded soil

Soil conservation

12.00
Unit IV: 
Soil Fertility

·         Soil fertility and soil productivity; nutrient sources:

o   Soil nitrogen – forms, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, factors affecting nitrogen fixation

o   Soil phosphorus - forms, mechanism of phosphorus fixation, factors affecting phosphorus availability in soils

o   Soil potassium - forms, mechanism of potassium fixation, factors affecting the potassium fixation in soils

o   Micronutrients – Source of micronutrients in soils; factors affecting their availability

Integrated nutrient management

12.00
Unit V: 
Sustainable Agriculture
  • Principles and objectives of Sustainable Agriculture
  • Sustainable agriculture practices-
    • Organic farming
      • Principles and its scope in India
      • Evolution of organic practice
      • Policies and markets for organic farming
      • Opportunities and Constraints in Organic Farming
    • Bio-fertilizers
      • Characteristic features of biofertilizers
      • Types of biofertilizers
      • Difference between carrier based and liquid biofertilizers
      • Applications of biofertilizers
      • Biofertilizers: storage, shelf life
    •  Bio-pesticides
      • Importance
      • Classification of biopesticides
      • Use of biopesticde
      • Applications of biopesticdes
    • Integrated pest management
      • Importance
      • Principles and limitations of IPM
      • Tools/methods of IPM
ESSENTIAL READINGS: 

 

·      Aithal, S. C. and Kulkarni, N. S. (2010). Modern Approaches in Soil, Agriculture and Environmental Microbiology. New Delhi. Himalaya Publishing House.

·      Alexander, M. (1977). Introduction to Soil Microbiology. Wiley. New York.

·      Bhatia, S. C. (2011). Environmental Chemistry. New Delhi. CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd.

·      Dubey, R. C. and Maheshwari, D. K. (2013). A Textbook of Microbiology. New Delhi. S.Chand and Company Pvt. Ltd.

·      Gupta, P. K. (2010). A Handbook of Soil, Fertilizer and Manure. Agrobios India.

·      Kolay, A. K. (2017). Basic Concepts of Soil Science. New Delhi. New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers.

·      Krishna, K. R. (2002). Soil Fertility and Crop Production. New Delhi. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

·      Maier, R. M., Pepper, I. L. and Gerba C. P. (2000). Environmental Microbiology. New York. Academic Press.

·      Manisegaran, S. and Soundararajan, R. P. (2010). Pest Management in Field Crops: Principles and Practices. Agrobios India.

·      Mishra, P. C. (2001). Soil Pollution and Soil Organisms. New Delhi. APH Publishing Corporation.

·      Pal, S. K. (2017). A Textbook of Soil Science. New Delhi. Oxford and IPH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

·      Pelczar,  M. J., Chan, E. C. S. and Krieg, N. R.(2003). Microbiology.  5th Edn. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi.

·      Rai, M. M. (2002). Principles of Soil Science. Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi.

·      Sharma, S. (2017). Soil and Biogeography. New Delhi. Random Publications.

·      Shukla, P. K. (2017). Organic Farming Principles, Methods and Practices. Jaipur. Yking Books.

·      Singh, R. P. (2015). Microbiology. New Delhi. Kalyani Publishers.

·      Singh, T., Purohit, S. S. and Parihar, P. (2012). Soil Microbiology. Agrobios India.

·      Sodhi, G. S. (2008). Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Chemistry. New Delhi. Narosa Publishing House.

Academic Year: 
2018-2019
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